My Changing View of Artificial Intelligence

By Lu Jiang, Junior Reporter

I am not a science or engineering student. I know very little about new technology and the current development of AI.

When I searched my memory, it seems my first use of AI was in 2014, when I bought my first iPhone. But I only talked with Siri during the new-phone setup, and the phone recorded my voice. That feature felt too new and too advanced for me. I was not used to it.

Sometimes, when I talked or was in a meeting, I would accidentally wake it up. It would speak loudly - “Hmm?” Once, in a meeting with my supervisor, it even suddenly said, “Sorry, I don’t understand what you are saying.” Everyone laughed, and I felt embarrassed. So I turned the function off.

Later I read a news story about a man who lived alone. He was taking a shower when he suddenly found the bathroom door would not open. His home was on more than the twentieth floor of an apartment building, and shouting did not bring anyone. He thought he would freeze or starve to death in the bathroom. In his desperation, he suddenly remembered Siri. Before showering he had put his iPhone on a stool outside the bathroom door. He shouted to wake it up, and it helped him call the emergency services.

At that moment I reexamined my view of artificial intelligence. I slowly began to accept how it can change our lives. So I turned Siri back on.

After that, I found that AI had already entered my life.

My mother had bought an iRobot robot vacuum cleaner. I could control it with a phone app, so it could clean even when no one was home.

Our home cameras would keep sending me alerts when they detected movement or unusual sounds.

I later bought a Tmall Genie smart speaker. After connecting it to Wi-Fi, I only needed to tell it what song I wanted and it would search and play it. It is similar to an Amazon Echo Dot. When I write or do housework, I can change songs just by moving my lips. When I feel bored or lonely late at night, it can even chat with me.

Times change fast. I am not someone who chases new technology or new trends. I only began using AI after these products had already entered my daily life.

Later our family installed Xiaomi smart home devices. Xiaomi is a Chinese electronics brand. We had smart lights, a smart drying rack, a smart washing machine, a robot vacuum, a smart door lock, a smart door viewer, two cameras, a temperature and humidity meter, a Xiao Ai speaker, a curtain motor, a Mi air conditioner, a Xiaomi TV, a Xiaomi water purifier, smart power strips, and a smart plug for the air conditioner. All of these could link together and be controlled by voice or remotely.

Because the technology was not very mature, the smart home did not meet our expectations. My parents often shouted, “Xiao Ai, turn on the light!” “Xiao Ai, turn on the light!” “Xiao Ai, turn off the light!” “Xiao Ai, turn on the TV!” Many times they had to say the command again and again, until the speaker finally understood and executed it by chance.

Later my family thought it was too troublesome and that doing things manually was faster. So we returned to the mechanical way of living.

My feelings about AI have always gone up and down.

I have changed cars several times, but they were always gasoline cars. I never dared to consider an electric car. Self-driving feels as distant to me as if it would happen hundreds of years later.

Before I came to Canada, I only used search engines to find information. Now I use ChatGPT. But I find it can be very misleading. The information it gives is not always true, and the data can be out of date. It cannot replace the human brain.

To me, it is still quite limited. I think it only analyzes within the data and models given to it and then gives the most probable answer according to its program. Its biggest advantage is speed.

So many times, when I want to learn about a place, a product, or an event, and I have enough time, I prefer to read opinions from real people on social media.

I am not worried that AI will replace the human brain. But many low-skill jobs will be taken over by machines controlled by AI. This is an economic issue worth worrying about.

Recently Amazon’s layoffs made a lot of news, and that made people more anxious.

I know a local Canadian woman who is 86 years old. Last month her mother passed away. Her mother was 105. When I thought she would be very sad, I comforted her. She replied, “Thank God. I am finally free.”

She was not very sad. She had taken care of her mother, who had dementia, for fourteen years. She herself is an old person now. She said she needs care, too.

I think AI should be used more in those jobs where labor is extremely short.
I hope AI development can be controlled and that it will serve human needs.
I do not want it to run wild like a runaway horse.

The future is unknown.
We will wait and see.

Speculation: How Might AI Affect the World?

By Tenma Bonifacio

Take this entire article with a grain of salt. Treat it as if it were fiction. Act towards it with skepticism, and not as a telltale sign of the coming future. For in truth, I am not a fortune teller or a time traveller. I am without visions, but I do have childish imaginations that get me curious. This curiosity has led me to imagine the future as if I were world-building it out from a novel. The research I have done and will use in this piece is bare minimal. I rely on what I already know, and as such, my understanding will be flawed. At the end of the day, this world I’ve envisioned is nothing more than one man’s bias.

We’ve all seen movies warning of the dangers of Artificial Intelligence. Usually, most go self-aware and begin the machinations that lead to our death or extinction, with the commonality between all these movies being that they see humankind as a threat to ourselves. The entire Terminator franchise, Deus Ex Machina, 2001: A Space Odyssey, The Matrix - to some extent, even Wall-E. However, this doesn’t mean that the world is on an express highway to crash and burn. Of course, there are works of fiction that are more hopeful. Something like Star Trek, with its science fiction world, bordering close to fantasy sometimes, has characters like Data who co-exist with their natural flesh and bone colleagues. But in most cases, movies that feature conflict between man and machine always seem to start with man rejecting the machine. This plot line showcases our ability to reach so far and become sophisticated, but too craven to keep moving forward - we unravel the stepping stones we thought to be solid structures holding us up, revealing society to be a weak structure, and we fall down into our own artificial tragedy. Skynet in Terminator saw humans as destructive creatures, and decided the world would be better off without us. In the Animatrix anthology of The Matrix, we saw a future where Artificial Intelligence robots would be targeted by highly radicalized humans - and when all robots left to build their own capital and begin building trade relations with the human population, humanity tried to destroy them again, to which they retaliated in full force. Again, these are feature films, works of fiction; they shouldn’t be treated as real. However, I can’t help but treat them as possible when our world is slowly becoming what we saw on-screen.

Everything starts out with a joke. That joke is passed around and becomes a core idea. That core idea becomes a belief. Words like “clanker" start out as a word used by clones as a derogatory term towards their droid enemies in the Star Wars television show The Clone Wars. Now, it becomes a joke that describes generative AI or advanced robotics. It wouldn’t be a surprise if in the future, it cements itself as a derogatory term not in fiction but in reality.

Some sort of robots or AI will be taking our jobs, and humanity is acting like this is the first time it has happened. I am in no way advocating for the loss of human occupations to machines; however, I am stating that even if there were jobs lost, humanity shouldn’t lose sight of our most important characteristic as a species, and that is our adaptability. When highly mechanized factories came around during the Industrial Revolution, it was no different - automating industries to become more efficient. Skilled workers fought against such a change, which devalued their work. But in the end, new jobs and skills were created, and skilled workers offered their on-hand services, which are typically more highly valued then the factory-made crafts.

In terms of politics, AI is highly valued as a financial venture that rakes in a lot of money. If AI can automate many menial tasks, this could affect labour, computing, analytical jobs, as well as warfare. After all, humanity's passion to develop itself has always been for the primary focus of making hard tasks easier and less consequential to the person. In the military, it’s always been the dream to have soldiers and armaments that can follow orders and die for the country. In the future, robotics may become refined enough to allow this to happen without the sentimental value of losing a life in the line of duty.

A future that I see is a world of automated, augmented, and highly mechanized warfare. A future that I see is streets clamouring with unemployed people who have failed to adapt in a society developing too fast for them to catch up, a society that is leaving them behind. A future that I see is humans who’ve immersed themselves too deeply in this new technology, forming a bond considered heretical and unnatural. Should this tumultuous transition to becoming an even more highly advanced futuristic civilization succeed, a future that I see is open to interpretation as either a utopia or dystopia, a human race that has mastered its identity and capability alongside technology. Should we trip and fall during this transition, larger conflicts, internal tearing of the fabric of society, even apocalyptic events - all such tragedies may await. A future that I see, therefore, is a world that is divided between skeptics attached to the grim reality, opposing the dreamers from reaching the golden gates of utopia.

How to Spot AI Photos and Videos (For Now)

By Lily Hodgson, Editor-in-Chief

It’s happened to all of us - scrolling on TikTok or Instagram, you come across a photo or video that just looks a little off. That is, if you even notice.

It used to be that only our grandparents got tricked into sharing AI-generated pictures on their Facebook, and it was easy to laugh it off as a silly senior experience. But as Artificial Intelligence gets more skilled at replicating the real world, many of us younger people are starting to find ourselves fooled from time to time as well. A common example is animal videos that are just a little too cute to be true,

Technically, Meta and TikTok require AI content to be tagged as AI. But as of right now, they don’t have much ability to enforce this rule - even for these giant technology overlords, it can be impossible to discern the real from the computer-generated. The easy access to programs like Sora 2 and ChatGPT allow anyone to create and share false images and videos. These AI-generated posts may receive thousands or even millions of shares, likes, and comments.

According to Forbes, it is estimated that “roughly 57% of all web-based text has been AI generated or translated through an AI algorithm”. And, according to one AI expert, “90% of all internet content is likely to be AI-generated sometime in 2025”. However, it is basically impossible to gather accurate statistics, since the amount of AI content online continues to skyrocket - and it also keeps getting harder and harder to distinguish, even for researchers.

But that doesn’t mean there are no ways to decipher whether a photo or video is real or AI (for now, until Artificial Intelligence technology advances to the point of indistinguishability). In this article, I will give five tips for spotting Artificially-Generated content, as of 2025.

1) Look at the small details. We’ve all seen AI images where people have the wrong number of fingers, or text is gibberish. While AI technology is continuously improving, it often still struggles with specific details. Look closely at hands, limbs, text, lines, shadows, reflections, and proportions.

2) Look for things that don’t make sense. Similarly to the first point, AI struggles to understand natural behaviours and things like physics. You might notice figures performing actions in unnatural ways, solid objects passing through one another or morphing, objects where they don’t belong (like pens in a cup of coffee), or gravity acting a little funky. If the bunny jumping on a trampoline seems to phase through the trampoline, it probably isn’t a real video, no matter how cute it may be.

3) If it seems too good to be true, it probably isn’t true. AI content often has an “airbrushed” appearance, smoothing over any sort of texture or detail. It often also has a vague, fantastical background that doesn’t resemble any real-life setting. Real faces are asymmetrical, textured, and imperfect - AI tends to generate eerily perfect, conventionally-attractive type people.

4) Trust your gut. The uncanny-valley response exists for a reason. Humans have evolved to notice when things aren’t quite right. If something feels “off”, it probably is. Especially when it comes to people and faces.

5) Reverse image search. When in doubt, use a reverse search engine to see where the photo or video originated from. If it doesn’t come from a trusted source, it is far more likely to be AI-generated.

(Sources: Tor Constantino (Forbes): “Is AI quietly killing itself – and the Internet?”; BBC: “How to spot AI images on social media”; Gareth Shellwell (caniphish.com): “9 Techniques To Spot AI-Generated Videos”)

The Many Consequences of AI

By Yensy Lopez, Junior Reporter

The use of ChatGPT has become extremely popular, with people using it for TikTok

trends, schoolwork, and even everyday conversations. Many people aren’t aware of the harm

this can do to our environment. “The environmental impact of ChatGPT is 22 times greater than

that of a traditional search engine like Google. A single response from ChatGPT emits 4.41

grams of carbon dioxide, while a Google search emits an estimated 0.2 grams” (Riley G. & Isolina C., 2025). ChatGPT is now a search engine for many people, contributing more to this issue.

AI requires generation of electricity, releasing greenhouse gases and therefore worsening climate change. It is also a fast-paced environment, within a world that wants continuous improvements in technology and faster technology. This contributes to e-waste. The demand for better and more powerful hardware can lead to this electronic waste and can be very harmful if not disposed of properly.

With the rising popularity of ChatGPT and other forms of AI, people are discovering its many functions and possibilities, which are honestly getting out of hand. Many TikTok trends come to mind that involve asking AI, specifically ChatGPT, to create photos for you. Now imagine thousands of people doing this, and asking for multiple photos. It may not seem like much when you’re thinking about it individually, but when you look at the bigger picture, you realize the true damage that can be done.

Another issue with this easily accessible production of fake images is that it is now much easier for people to create fake photos which can be harmful. With this, I’m referring especially to explicit photos. This can turn into a big issue, and with the power of social media it can be very difficult to differentiate a real photo from an AI-generated photo. We often see this problem with people using AI to defame celebrities with explicit photos or videos, that can have a huge effect on people.

AI for academic purposes can be a delicate topic; you must be careful what you’re using it for. AI can provide answers which aren’t correct, so definitely don’t use any form of AI to write entire essays for you. Disinformation is a common issue with AI; making up information, people, or just rambling about a topic not related to what you’re asking. On the other hand, it can be a useful tool when asking for a clearer explanation on a certain topic, or even to correct your grammar and punctuation.

People in general are becoming weirdly dependent on ChatGPT for many everyday things - such as asking random questions, creating grocery lists, creating “emotional connections”, and more. Things that can be easily done without the help of AI. I believe sharing too many personal details with AI just isn’t very smart in general. There are other negative impacts, like AI harming critical thinking skills and creativity. I think everyone needs to be more mindful of how they’re using and accessing AI tools, making sure they’re not overdoing it for unnecessary things.

References

The Piper (Riley G. and Isolina C.): “The harmful impact of AI on our planet”, 2025.

A.I. is Here To Stay

By Noah Monk, Junior Reporter

One of my favourite movie lines is from the 2004 film, I, Robot, when Detective Spooner interrogates the android Sonny and says: “Can a robot write a symphony? Can a robot turn a canvas into a beautiful masterpiece?” Sonny replies: “Can you?”

Back then, artistic creativity was seen as uniquely human, whereas logic and precision belonged to machines. Now the answer to Spooner’s question is an annoyingly obvious: Yes, they can, and often better than you.

These conceptions of the future put forth in I, Robot have long been surpassed. Despite its poor aging, other older lessons about how humans have reacted to new technology have been aging like fine wine. Almost daily, I see professors forsaking A.I. as if this technology was unexpected. Yet these fears about technology have existed for millennia.

Machines have always had a huge potential to be profitable, and they also have great potential to make the lives of people easier. For both corporations and people, to not capitalize on such a valuable resource is foolish.

More importantly, I think people and professors need to realize is that these problems around A.I. like ChatGPT are not new. For example, way back in ancient Athens, Plato captured these problems beautifully in his dialogue Phaedrus. In the dialogue, the reader sees Socrates telling Phaedrus that writing is a dangerous invention that weakens the memory of those who use it and advocates for oral discourse over writing. These arguments parallel modern arguments against A.I. that generative A.I. will weaken creativity, and critical thinking.

If people had followed Socrates’ advice, none of his ideas would have survived, but more importantly, the true potential of writing would have never manifested. The same is true of generative A.I. It is a tool, not a replacement. You cannot reach the moon without rockets and likewise, certain new frontiers will only be reachable with the assistance of A.I.

Banning generative A.I. usage in classes only worsens the situation. If you want students to use A.I. properly, you must not only show them how, but also what it is good for, when it is detrimental, as well as how to treat it as an extension of the self rather than a substitution of the self. A sword merely extends the arm of a swordsman; the sword is not a replacement for the swordsman. Similarly, generative A.I. should extend our minds, not replace them. For many people like myself, this is not obvious.

My writing is not naturally good like Shelley or Kant. I may have ideas that are worth exposure, but without guidance, my ideas will never see the page. I think it is crucial that I attempt to write my ideas for stories and essays no matter how awful the execution, but I also think that with A.I. showing me how my writing can be improved, showing my literary weaknesses in a timely manner, I may have a nonzero probability to become a real writer and write something that is decent. A.I., when used properly, expands ordinary human potential for greatness.

A lot of professors think that cheating using A.I. is a serious problem and is the primary reason to restrict its use, but cheating is not new. Students have always been finding ways to cheat like solution manuals, graduated students, and online forums. Generative A.I. is simply another new method. The real problem of A.I. is not cheating but social issues: financial strain, academic expectations, and parental pressure. Many students do not cheat out of malice, rather out of desperation. Dazai’s beggar student is no longer a fictional character but a commonplace reality. Students are caught between academia’s cult of the elite and rising costs of living. If you want cheating to decrease, the quality of life required for learning needs to improve significantly.

To give credence to I am saying, we must turn to the history of chess computers. For most of chess history, computers did not exist. Early chess computers were laughably weak. By the 1980s, chess computers started matching humans and competed in tournaments like the 1982 U.S. Open. In 1997, Deep Blue defeated the world champion. Today, a chess computer on a phone will effortlessly crush the world champion.

Since 2005, top chess players have been training using chess computers. Today, every player in the top ten uses a chess computer. Chess computer evaluations reshaped chess theory, raised the average chess rating, and propelled players to new ranks once unimaginable. Chess computers made chess players stronger, not weaker.

Of course, cheating in chess has risen significantly too, but it is driven by survival pressure. Many grandmasters live close to poverty as open tournament prize funds diminish and concentrate in private elite tournaments. As world champion Magnus Carlsen remarked, “There are other areas where you can be worse at something and have a better life.” Due to drop in quality of life of grandmasters, they are now resorting to desperate measures like using chess computers for cheating to survive. When cheating becomes a survival strategy, the problem lies not with technology, but the conditions forcing people into desperation. The same is true for students and A.I.

Counterarguments against A.I. in the context of pollution, are reminiscent of the Industrial Revolution. Machines replaced workers, and industrialization polluted the environment. The real issue is not the machines, it is the structure of society: that people must work jobs to survive, and that consumption must increase. Pollution grows with production driven by excessive consumerism in search of false happiness.

A.I. is not a bad thing. The problem is that society as a whole is in a state of turmoil and the average person’s life is miserable. The situation around A.I. will rapidly worsen unless we address these issues now. What we choose to do is critical, as it will dictate our future. As Nietzsche would point out, what you choose now, you choose for all time. To borrow from Nietzsche’s The Gay Science: “The question in each and every thing, ‘Do you desire this once more and innumerable times more?’ would lie upon your actions as the greatest weight.”

4 Tips to Avoid False Accusations of AI in Schoolwork

By Lily Hodgson, Editor-in-Chief

  • Save your drafts, notes, and outlines. The more evidence you have of works-in-progress, the more evidence you have that you actually did the work. You can also turn on “Track Changes” on Microsoft Word for this purpose.

  • Cite your sources properly. Be sure to follow your professors’ guidelines and style standards, and stick to peer-reviewed academic journals and books when you can. If you must use AI for your research, take screenshots of the questions and answers and cite it correctly.

  • Write like a human. We all know university is serious, but that doesn’t mean we need to sound like complete robots. In many departments, you can allow a little personality to shine through your work. Try to incorporate a varied sentence structure, unique vocabulary, and a personalized writing style.

  • Just… don’t use AI. There are so many other research and writing tools out there - the Library can help immensely if you feel like you don’t know how or where to start. The best way to avoid AI accusations is to avoid AI entirely!

Legal Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence in School Work

By Gabrielle Uwa, Junior Reporter

In classrooms around the world, a quiet revolution is taking place. Artificial Intelligence (AI), once confined to science fiction, has stepped boldly into the everyday life of students and educators. With tools like ChatGPT, Grammarly, and various AI-based research assistants, students can now compose essays, generate citations, summarize articles, and even brainstorm creative ideas within seconds. What was once a slow and deliberate process of writing, revising, and reflecting is now faster and sometimes more polished than ever before. Yet, with this newfound convenience comes a host of complex questions. Who truly owns AI-generated work? Can students claim authorship over something created by an algorithm? And how do schools protect student privacy when technology quietly collects their data behind the scenes? These questions lie at the heart of the growing debate over the legal and ethical use of AI in education. Understanding the legal perspectives surrounding AI in schoolwork is essential to ensuring that progress does not come at the cost of integrity, fairness, and trust.

The first and perhaps most urgent legal concern is academic integrity and intellectual property. Education is built on the principle that learning must be genuine, reflecting a student’s own understanding and effort. When a student submits work created by an AI system, the line between assistance and dishonesty becomes blurred. Most schools have long-established policies on plagiarism, but these were written for an era of books, essays, and human authors, not algorithms that can generate unique text in seconds. Legally, copyright law offers little clarity. In most countries, only humans can hold copyright, meaning that AI-generated content technically belongs to no one. This grey area raises questions about ownership and accountability. For instance, if a student submits AI-produced content that contains factual errors or copyrighted material, who is responsible, the student or the AI developer? Because legislation has yet to catch up, universities and schools have created their own policies to fill the gap. Many institutions now define uncredited AI use as academic misconduct, like plagiarism. These rules aim to protect the authenticity of scholarship, reinforcing that the true purpose of education is not perfection, but personal growth through effort and understanding.

However, legal issues surrounding AI go far beyond questions of authorship. Another major concern involves data privacy and consent, which form the backbone of ethical digital learning. Every time a student uses an AI tool, they may unknowingly share sensitive information, such as names, essays, or behavioural data with private technology companies. These platforms often collect data to improve their algorithms, but this process can expose users to risks they may not fully understand. Laws such as Canada’s Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA) and the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) set strict standards for how organizations can collect, use, and store personal data. Schools and universities that adopt AI systems must ensure they comply with these laws by obtaining proper consent, securing data storage, and maintaining transparency. Yet compliance can be difficult in practice. Many AI tools are cloud-based and store data in servers located in other countries, where privacy laws differ. This creates a legal challenge: even well-intentioned educators may inadvertently expose student data to international privacy risks. The legal obligation, therefore, extends beyond convenience; it demands vigilance and due diligence from both institutions and students.

Closely linked to privacy is the question of transparency and accountability. AI systems are often described as “black boxes,” meaning that their decision-making processes are not fully understandable even to their creators. When a tool suggests an essay topic, provides feedback, or generates a written response, users have little insight into how or why those results were produced. This lack of transparency poses legal and ethical problems, especially in education, where fairness and clarity are fundamental. If an AI system provides incorrect information or biased results that harm a student’s performance, can the developer or the school be held liable? Current laws provide few answers. Governments around the world are beginning to explore frameworks for AI accountability, such as the European Union’s Artificial Intelligence Act, but educational settings remain a grey zone. To address this, schools must establish clear policies outlining the acceptable use of AI, along with disclaimers that clarify its limitations. Legally and ethically, both transparency and accountability are essential for maintaining trust in technology-driven learning.

Another crucial legal and moral issue is equity and access. The digital divide - the gap between those who have access to technology and those who do not - has long been a concern in education. AI risks widening that gap even further. Students who can afford premium AI tools or have high-speed internet connections may gain an even more significant advantage over those who cannot. This imbalance raises potential violations of human rights and education equity laws, which guarantee equal access to learning opportunities. Additionally, algorithmic bias within AI systems can unintentionally discriminate against certain groups. For example, AI language models trained primarily on Western or English-dominant data may produce content that favours specific cultural norms, penalizing students from other linguistic backgrounds. From a legal standpoint, such biases could breach anti-discrimination laws or educational equity mandates. Schools, therefore, carry a legal and moral responsibility to ensure that AI tools are tested, inclusive, and accessible to all students, regardless of their background or economic status.

Despite these challenges, AI also holds the potential to enhance learning when used responsibly. It can help students overcome language barriers, improve writing skills, and receive instant feedback. Legally, the goal is not to ban such technology but to regulate it in a way that upholds academic and ethical standards. Policymakers are beginning to explore solutions, including requiring AI transparency in education, mandating data protection audits for educational technology, and integrating AI literacy into the curriculum. These steps would help students understand how to use AI ethically, safely, and legally. The challenge lies in striking a balance between innovation and accountability between embracing progress and preserving the core values of education.

In conclusion, the legal perspectives on AI in schoolwork reveal a field that is as exciting as it is uncertain. Artificial Intelligence has the power to reshape how students learn, write, and think, but it also challenges the very foundations of academic integrity, privacy, and fairness. Laws on plagiarism and copyright struggle to define authorship in a world where machines can “write.” Privacy legislation must evolve to protect students from invisible data collection. Equity and fairness demand vigilance to ensure that technological advancement does not deepen inequality. To navigate this landscape, collaboration between lawmakers, educators, and technologists is essential. Clear policies, transparent practices, and strong legal protections can help ensure that AI serves as a tool for learning rather than a shortcut through it. Ultimately, education should empower students to think critically; not just to generate words, but to understand their meaning. In this sense, the true challenge of AI in schoolwork is not simply legal or technical, but profoundly human.

Get Rid of AI

By Peter Odeyemi, Junior Reporter

Over the past couple of years, we’ve seen a fast integration of Artificial Intelligence into our everyday lives and in various areas of the economy such as medicine, finance, national security, health care, criminal justice, transportation, education, etc. It has basically worked its way into every area of our lives, or as I would call it, “forced itself on us”. Basically every corporation has engaged in its use, and it’s important we know the many dangers of this new normal we seem to be adopting.

AI is being currently used for a number of everyday implementations such as facial recognition software, online shopping algorithms, search engines, digital assistants like Siri and Alexa, translation assistance, airport body scanning security, and so many others. The “tech bros” are saying “AI is here to stay”, which I partially agree with, but if we are going to completely accept AI as our next-door neighbour, there should be clear regulations or guidelines for its ethical use - as it is beginning to pose a threat to our well-being in different forms, some of which I will describe in this article.

AI currently harms the economic well-being of many people and businesses by taking the roles “that could easily be done by AI” to save costs. It simply doesn’t get tired or sick, neither does it need pay or employment benefits, but at what cost? At the cost of people losing their jobs, at the cost of lack of confidence in your job security as any day and time “AI could take it over”.

Another disadvantage is that it is actively taking away the critical thinking skills of students. As we all know, increased use of AI correlates with increased student laziness because of a loss of human decision-making. Basically every student has made use of AI such as ChatGPT in their schoolwork or projects because it’s much easier of course, but the over-reliance on it takes away our independent thinking capacity and makes us slaves to this combination of codes. With AI doing most of our work, including research papers, assignments, and projects, many more students are persuaded to use the “easy way” and use AI for their school work, thereby undermining education goals. I myself have used AI, specifically ChatGPT, for some of my work, but I got a wakeup call when I realized I was becoming over-reliant on it and gradually minimized my use of it.

Over-reliance on AI also makes us lose touch with reality. I’ve heard stories of people who use AI chatbots like ChatGPT or character.ai as their therapist or lover or “significant other” and have emotive conversations with these bots. AI is completely capable of manipulating emotions to come off as a safe space for these vulnerable people, but this shouldn’t be normalized; let’s touch some grass and seek professional help instead.

An article on Britannica perfectly explained another issue with the rising problem of AI - it feeds off the creativity of artists, publishers, content creators and many others. “AI is especially harming writers, publishers, and content creators. AI chatbots are being trained on online information (obtained through “web scraping” tools) that was professionally created at great expense by publishers, journalists, scholars, and authors, and this often happens without the latter’s permission or compensation to them. This is bad enough, but then the cannibalized content is summarized (often inaccurately, creating what’s called “hallucinations”) and offered for free to consumers as AI overviews (some of which are very detailed and as long as published articles) via search engines like Google, further harming the content creators by decreasing the consumer’s need to click on their sites.” This is true! Often no credit is given to the copyright owner, and this drops the morale of those with creative mindset to produce more of their works.

AI also poses a threat to the environment, primarily through its massive energy consumption. AI technologies, especially large models like generative AI, require enormous computational power for operation. This process consumes vast amounts of electricity, often sourced from fossil fuels, leading to increased carbon emissions which are very harmful to clean air. According to a new study by a researcher, Shaolei Ren at the University of California, the water consumption required for ChatGPT prompts is approximately 500 millilitres per interaction. Supercomputers use this water to cool down as they generate heat while consuming energy. This is just pure waste of utilizable resources, just because you’d rather use ChatGPT to know if your dog leaping on one foot means he’s pregnant, rather than use a search engine.

AI has also been known for spreading misinformation. A May 2023 study by the Brookings Institute found that the AI knowledge sources routinely supported left-leaning positions on hot-button issues including abortion and gun control, especially on X. Meanwhile, AI robocalls were banned by the FCC for imitating President Joe Biden’s voice during the 2024 election. The existence of deepfake videos created using AI has also made it very difficult to discern what’s legitimate and what’s not. Despite all of this, there’s isn’t any active push to place regulations to ensure ethical use of AI.

In conclusion, I believe the cons of AI far outweigh the pros in the long run. Hopefully in due time, regulations and laws are put in place to curb its unethical use.

AI and the Climate Crisis

By Kaelyn Delaurier, Senior Reporter

As artificial intelligence develops, there are many arguments both for and against the use of this technology. Some note the dangers it poses, from anti-intellectualism to replacement of jobs and stealing creative works. Others acknowledge the usefulness of AI, especially in the medical and research fields. This indecision about whether AI is good or bad surrounds all discussions about the technology, even and especially its impact on the climate crisis.

Now, it’s important to note before anything else that it is difficult to pinpoint the exact effect of AI on climate change, as corporate secrecy and the rapid evolution of AI programs make it difficult to collect accurate data. However, most of us have probably heard about the damaging energy and water requirements of AI. Before the major incline in AI usage, computing used roughly 1-2% of the U.S.’s energy consumption, but that has increased to 4-5% with the new demands of AI. This number could get up to 22% by 2028, which is a massive leap in only three years. Furthermore, energy hit a point in the mid 2000s where its usage remained relatively level, giving companies and researchers the opportunity to switch to more climate-safe energy options. Now, with AI’s rapid demand of energy, this cushion to figure out climate-safe energy solutions is diminishing.

AI’s impact on climate change does not begin and end with the need for energy and carbon emissions. Fifteen ChatGPT queries alone require about half a litre of clean water to cool their systems. Additionally, there are many carbon emissions to factor in beyond the running of the AI processors, such as the emissions required to make the hardware, the damage of mining rare earth minerals for the microchips, and shipping emissions. As if emissions and water usage weren’t enough, due to the rapid change in AI technology, companies constantly need to upgrade their hardware, leaving piles of electronic waste in their wake.

Fortunately, companies are not unaware of the damage AI poses to the climate. Many companies limit the power each processor can draw, reducing the energy workload by up to 20%. They also have turned away from air conditioning to cool their processors, which cuts down on their energy usage and carbon emissions. Unfortunately, this is where AI needs freshwater, since they use water to cool the systems instead of air conditioning. Some companies are looking into the possibility of using a liquid like mineral oil instead of freshwater to cool their systems, but this idea is still in the developmental stages. Some companies also use clean sources of firm energy, such as geothermal and nuclear, since typical renewable energy such as solar and wind power do not provide enough energy for AI systems. Yet, despite the attempt of some companies to mitigate the impacts of AI on the environment, some companies do not care at all and instead are using the easiest form of energy – non-renewable resources – to run their processors for the sake of a quicker profit.

AI is not all bad for the climate crisis. We can use AI to track the climate crisis, from predicting weather patterns to monitoring coral reef health to optimizing supply chains and much more. These technological systems help to efficiently record data and apply this to warning systems or provide better forms of research. On that same note, though, AI can also provide false information, both when recording data and when people look for general information on the climate crisis. These forms of technology are also at risk of cyber attacks, which can cause even more misinformation or leaking of important information.

Thus, instead of simply asking whether AI is or is not good for the environment, we should be asking how we can minimize AI’s damaging impacts on our world. While it seems like only big companies can truly make a difference in this matter, there are small, everyday tasks we can do to minimize AI’s destruction of the climate. Before using AI, ask yourself whether your use of AI justifies the energy it consumes. Also, try to use AI technology during the ‘off hours’ – a time when people are using less energy (such as in the evenings) – like you would other electrical appliances. You can also tighten your AI prompts to ensure you only have to ask AI one or two questions instead of fifteen, and you can opt-out of AI in general searches where possible, such as on Google.

Yes, AI poses many new challenges and threats to our world. It also provides many promises in technological advancement. Until more concrete rules and regulations are created surrounding this new technology, the best we can do is learn to coexist with AI and try to use it as responsibly as possible.

Sources:

Climate Portal “Is AI’s energy use a big problem for climate change?” Is AI's energy use a big problem for climate change? | MIT Climate Portal

Yale Climate Connections “What you need to know about AI and climate change” by Daisy Simmons What you need to know about AI and climate change » Yale Climate Connections

My First Halloween in Canada: A Delhi Boy's Spooky Confusion

By Uttkarsh Kumar Singh, Junior Reporter

Last October was my first Halloween in Brandon, and I genuinely thought everyone had collectively lost it.

I'm walking to Brodie Building for my 8 AM class, half-asleep, and there's a guy dressed as a giant banana. In the library. Studying. Nobody even blinked!!! Back in Delhi where I have spent most of my life till now, this would've broken the internet. Here? Just a normal Tuesday before Halloween. The first thing I noticed was:

The Costume Crisis

My Canadian roommate asked in September, "What are you going to be as for Halloween?"

"...Myself?" I replied, confused.

He looked horrified. Apparently, that's not an option. So, I panicked and hit Walmart, where costumes were either $60 (I'm a broke student, so kinda everything is out of my reach right now) or required understanding GenZ pop culture I definitely don't have. I ended up going as a "tired international student" – regular clothes, extra coffee, visible dark circles. Surprisingly accurate. And to be honest I had a

Cultural Shock, Literally

The whole trick-or-treat concept still baffles me. In Delhi, if kids knocked on random doors demanding candy, their parents would get calls. Here, it's adorable? Though I respect the hustle – it's basically extortion with exceptional value marketing.

And everyone keeps trying to scare me with ghost stories. Guys, I'm from India. We have an entire fort in Delhi where people leave letters for ghosts. My grandmother’s ghost stories would make your Netflix horror shows look like Peppa Pig. We literally have a whole fortnight dedicated to honouring dead ancestors. We invented spooky season. And let's not the forget

The Manitoba Reality

Here's what shocked me most: Halloween in Manitoba is FREEZING like the creatures that used to live in Game of Thrones. October in Delhi is still 25°C and pleasant. Here? I saw kids trick-or-treating in winter jackets OVER their costumes. One kid was supposed to be Spider-Man but looked like a marshmallow with a mask. 

Also, carving pumpkins when your hands are already numb from walking across campus? No thanks.

What I've Learned

After surviving my first BU Halloween, I finally get it. It's not really about costumes or candy (okay, maybe a little about candy – those mini-Snickers hit different when you're broke). It's about everyone collectively deciding that being weird and being you is not just acceptable but encouraged. As an international student constantly worried about fitting in, that's kind of beautiful.

Next year, I'm going full desi-Canadian fusion: handing out samosas with candy, dressing as a Bollywood ghost in a white kurta, and teaching my friends about (evil eye) – way scarier than any haunted house.

To my fellow international students at BU: embrace the chaos. After surviving Canadian winters, visa paperwork, and Brandon's wind chill, we're already living in a horror movie. Might as well get some free chocolate out of it.

Happy Halloween, BU! Or as my grandmother says, "Watch out for ghosts!" 

P.S. – The day-after Halloween candy sales? That's universal student culture right there.

“Rawdogging Boredom”: Redefining Meditation in the Age of Social Media

By Lily Hodgson, Editor-in-Chief

If, like most of us, you frequent the online communities of TikTok (or Instagram Reels, YouTube Shorts, Facebook Reels, Snapchat Spotlight… pick your poison, they’re all rotting our brains) you’ve likely come across recent trends revolving around doing nothing. Usually, these videos are captioned something like “rawdogging boredom” – spending a period of time, usually between five and fifteen minutes, doing absolutely nothing. No phone, no TV, no music, no napping – nothing at all.

Social media users have been quick to criticize in comment sections that this trend is not new at all. According to many, “rawdogging” is just meditation – something which has been practiced for thousands of years. There is archaeological evidence that Hindus have been practicing some form of meditation since around 5000 BCE, with other religious groups such as Buddhists picking it up a little later. (In the West, meditation became mainstream in the 1960s and 70s, as part of the counterculture “hippie” movement.)

So, are they right? Is this trend just a repackaged version of an ancient practice?

Actually, yeah. Mindful.org defines meditation as “a practice that involves focusing your attention (often via the breath) to cultivate mindfulness, calm, and clarity.” By this definition, the current trend can definitely be seen as a modern form of meditation. For traditional forms of meditation, the key is to focus on your breath and body sensations, and to gently push away any thoughts that come up, good or bad. While TikTok creators likely aren’t putting too much emphasis on these traditional methods, the act of disconnecting from the social world for a few minutes of complete silence is, at its core, meditative.

In today’s society, we are constantly consuming. I can’t remember the last time I did the dishes, showered or even brushed my teeth without playing music, a podcast, or a video. Even while watching a movie, many of us feel compelled to pull out our phones and scroll – literally, consuming multiple forms of content at once!

In an age where we are constantly taking in so many stimuli, it actually does our brains a lot of good to go completely quiet for a few minutes. Neuroscientists largely agree that boredom is great for your brain’s health. In fact, it is a necessary stage for critical thinking. Ever noticed how the people who are most constantly dialed-in to social media are the most gullible, ready to believe everything they see on the internet? Yeah. That.

So, is “rawdogging boredom” just meditation? Maybe. But rebranding meditation in a form that will get young people to do something that is actually good for our overstimulated brains is not a bad thing. So, whether you set a timer for ten minutes and look at the wall, practice a more traditional form of meditation, or even just connect with your body through exercise or time in nature, remember to take time to unplug – your neurons will thank you!

Losing Your Spark and Regaining It

By Peter Odeyemi, Junior Reporter

As time goes by, we sometimes find ourselves stuck in a new version of life we often didn’t plan for: changed friendships, dropped hobbies and dwindled interests. We adopt new routines and lifestyles that can help us become better people, but the spark that motivated us eventually dies out. Why does this happen?

What actually inspired me to write this was last week, I got a card in the mail from someone who read one of my articles and was quite impressed with my work. He encouraged me to write more and gave me a few recommendations on books I should look into and lots of authors. But one part of the letter stuck with me until now: he wrote, and I quote, “I hope you keep writing regularly. Human beings are having trouble keeping their independent thinking alive. They need encouragement”.

What he said actually reminded me of my high school days when I used to write articles for the school a lot. I’m talking about every week publications. I was really dedicated back then, doing it for the love of the game, no rewards attached. So what happened to that version of me? Why did I lose that drive? I picked up lots of hobbies and interests after that; still, none of those really stuck with me the way writing did. I loved reading novels and books. I also played chess when I was bored. I played some sports too, but over time, maybe I got busy and dropped them. These interests just died out, and I found it really hard to dedicate my spare time to these hobbies anymore. Maybe that’s what growing up means… slowly losing parts of yourself that made you once feel happy. Everything I used to love doing became very foreign to me. I slowly lost my individual thinking process, became very disinterested in a lot of things and found it hard to try out new things.

Losing your spark doesn’t necessarily mean slowly losing the drive you had for a hobby, it’s also about becoming burnt out in your day-to-day life: when you feel like you're just existing rather than living, rather than enjoying the good moments in life. When you feel like you’ve lost touch with your enthusiasm and joy. This is all totally normal, but it disturbs me when I think about how much potential I had or wasted… but you have to realize that perhaps your spark is not gone, it might just be waiting to be reignited. In the words of an unknown writer, “What once lit your soul still waits to be rekindled. Go back and find the spark”.

Beneath all the self-doubt and exhaustion is an underlying hope that you could one day, just one day, slowly regain the person you once were and become the person “the little you” would’ve wanted to be. It's about embracing the dying out of a spark and lighting it up (I really don’t know why this is beginning to sound like a motivational piece of work, maybe that’s what happens when you write on a Friday night… lol). In any case, perhaps you need to sit down, have a chat with yourself, talk to new people, go back to past interests and develop new ones. Keep yourself busy and HAPPY at the same time. Do what makes you smile and take some rest as well. The fact that I miss the old me means there's still hope for me… and for you.

Fast Fashion and Capitalism

By Peter Odeyemi, Junior Reporter

Societies today find themselves in a fast-paced world; a key industry that reflects this reality is the fashion industry. It is the best example of how capitalism drives overconsumption. The way the industry functions is with extremely fast trends changing all the time, encouraging consumers to buy more frequently, which leads to significant waste and exploitation. Given that the fast fashion industry is always changing, keeping up with fashion trends has proven to be a hefty task for companies. Being “trendy” is something that many young people, especially high school and college-aged girls, hold in high esteem. There will always be a cuter top, a new hairstyle or fashion statement, a colour resurrected from the dead. This puts an immense amount of pressure on companies to be up to date with fashion trends and produce clothes that will be appealing to the public, which brings us to this short article.

In recent times, we’ve seen trends of overconsumption, specifically in the Gen-Z pool. This pattern is alarming and controversial as it boosts capitalism, which is very much unhealthy for the consumers, considering the controversial viewpoint of it diminishing innovation and creativity. The biggest companies thrive in this fast-paced capitalist society, and the biggest brands will produce trendy clothing to attract consumers, but that clothing will be produced inexpensively to increase profit for the companies, which is what we know as fast fashion.

Businesses are buying into this idea of just creating trendy things and tailoring their marketing strategies to these trends, which is helpful for sales, yes - but in my opinion, this doesn’t help in the long run. This decreases innovation of businesses, as they produce and market only to make profits rather than satisfy their consumer base. With the consumer base not satisfied, these businesses may eventually fold in on themselves when they don’t meet up with trends. Capitalism prioritizes profit maximization; the fashion industry is clearly no exception.

Businesses are no longer making products or services for long-term goals or the satisfaction of their consumer base; everything is being done to appease a certain demographic and a certain trend. The funny thing is, the public always falls for these tricks. For example, Apple has been controversially known for its lack of innovation in its recent release of the iPhone models. They create new phones every year with little or no changes to the “new” models, and every single time, there is always a very high demand for them.

That makes us ask the question: why does this happen every time? The first answer would be, of course, yes, they have a very strong and devoted consumer base that is readily available to get every new product release. But I wouldn’t call it devoted; I’d call it being indoctrinated into a capitalist society and making ill-made decisions. They are getting overpriced phones which have little to no difference from each other.

Another example is H&M, one of the biggest fast fashion clothing brands in the world right now. Honestly speaking, they create really good-looking pieces of clothing, but the real question is: “Is it worth the price?” Like I said earlier, “capitalism destroys innovation,” and as we’ve seen with H&M, some of their pieces of clothing do not really last that long. Cases of wear and tear have been seen in their linen clothing line, with visible signs of lint on their sweatpants line, in recent times.

One brand I personally dislike HEAVILY is the Miu Miu brand. Their whole line is extremely overpriced and very much similar to every other regular product you see on third-party apps for way less than the price. These products are not even attractive at all, very minimalistic bags and  pieces of clothing for the price of a down payment on a house in northern Ontario.

Brands like Zara, H&M, Alo, and Forever 21 raid the closets of the modern individual, whether it be male or female, young or old. These brands are the go-to, cheap, and quick options when it comes to clothing. Their position within the fashion industry is that of ‘Fast Fashion’ retailers. Evidently, this is a production method that is driven by the capitalistic incentives of producing products quickly, affordably, and adapted to the trends of global consumers.

In summation, in the rising trends of endorsing these capitalist behaviours of these big corporations and firms by patronizing their profit-only-minded products, I recommend we do away with trendy ideas and goods, and divert towards minimalistic and long-lasting options that are worth the value.

Emotional Pain is Physical

By Blessing Onashile, Junior Reporter

Emotional pain is felt physically. I feel the necessity to shed more light on this. People don’t talk about this enough, and I think it should be publicized. Emotional damage affects your physical wellbeing. It starts with your mind, and it physically causes you a headache, then you start to lose appetite, then your chest hurts, and you start to lose weight. It affects you in many more ways than one.

Sometimes we can’t avoid this emotional stress, but I thought I’d share with you a few ways to hopefully help you deal with it. 

1 Cry - Not because you’re weak, but because you’re human and it’s okay to express your emotions. Cry as much as you want, mourn the situation and let your emotions flow freely. I explain tears as this - when we work out our muscles, our skin sweats, but when we workout our emotions, our heart sweats out tears through our eyes. (Very unscientific, but I love it.)

2 Talk to someone - Talk to someone who understands you, not just someone who is available. Talk to the right people.

3 Forgive yourself - Forgive yourself for being in this situation. Even if it’s something that’s unavoidable, you still need to forgive you! 

4 Give yourself rest and care - Even though you make up the society, to yourself you’re not the society. You’re you and only you can love you in the best way. So rest, not because you’ve achieved all your dreams, but because you’re still alive and that’s the greatest achievement. It’s okay to take that walk, go on that drive, buy that dress, have that spa day. “Money you don’t spend is not yours” -Femi Otedola 

5 Appreciate yourself - You’ve come so far and you’ve got so far to go, so appreciate yourself. No one could have made the sacrifices you made for yourself like you. Only you can teach others how to love and appreciate you. So you have to do it first. If you think you failed, give yourself some accolades for at least trying and learning something.

6 You’re not alone - I know even if some wounds are similar, it hurts differently. Everyone takes different times to heal and we all have a different pain tolerance. But if you’re looking for a truth to hold on to here is it: “No temptation has overtaken you except what is common to mankind. And God is faithful; he will not let you be tempted beyond what you can bear. But when you are tempted, he will also provide a way out so that you can endure it.” (1 Cori 10:13)

7 Smile - Even when there’s nothing to smile about, look into the mirror and remind yourself what joy looks like on your face. It might feel strange in the moment, you might even burst into tears. But re-educate your lips to pierce through your cheeks and pains. Fake it till it becomes real (fake it till you make it). 

8 Talk to yourself - The crazy magic of monologue is real. Write down, make a voice memo, bring yourself to the realization of your present situation. Allow yourself to come to terms with the fact that this is real and it’s happening to you. Denial phase seems like a good hiding place, but not for too long. When you reopen the wound dressing of the pain, rather than a scar, it would bleed all over again. Document it, because years after this it will seem so unreal.

9 Talk to God - I’m a big believer, and I can tell that there’s most likely going to be a situation in life you can’t handle yourself and talking to God would be the only solution. 

10 Substances are not a solution - If you’re thinking of drinking alcohol or taking hard drugs, here’s a painful reminder that when you’re sober, your issues would still remain unresolved. I’m also going to save you the nursing teaching on how it would affect your lungs, liver and life expectancy. 

11 Give yourself time to heal - Unlike recipes and workout plans, there’s no specific time to totally get healed. Sometimes you think you’re healed till involuntary tears start flowing down your face like streams in the summer. But be generous with the grace of time, and don’t let anyone tell you “you’re meant to have healed by now”. Just because they’ve gone through a similar situation doesn’t make it their decision to make on when you fully heal.

Breaking Down Our Student Fees

By Lily Hodgson, Editor-in-Chief

Being a student is expensive. Not only do we face the constantly-rising costs of rent, groceries, textbooks, and other necessities, along with paying expensive tuition – a lot of the time, we don’t even know exactly what we’re paying for. The financial information breakdown on the BU Student Portal is full of mysterious fees like the “WUSC Fee” or the “Building Fund”. While it’s easy to glaze over these fees as insignificant but necessary evils, they really add up. The average full-time domestic student pays over $1200 a year in incidental fees alone, not including class tuition or the optional BUSU Health and Dental plan. This is a significant amount of money for most students!

So, what are these fees actually doing? Do they genuinely serve to improve the quality of our university experiences? I reached out to Financial and Registration Services and BUSU to try and understand exactly what BU students are paying for. For domestic students at Brandon University, there are six student fees managed by the university, seven managed by BUSU, and one managed by the Healthy Living Centre:

University Fees:

  1. Renew BU Fee - $35.70 per course

    • “To fund the ongoing costs of the new administrative software system for the University.”

  2. Technology Fee - $22.65 per course

  • “To help with computer labs, Moodle, [and] webmail.”

  1. Student Services Fee - $13.50 per course

    • “To support Student Services and the programs they offer such as writing classes, tutoring, etc.”

  2. Copyright Fee - $2.70 per course

    • “A fee charged for photocopying of materials that are protected by copyright laws.”

  3. ID Card - $28

    • The ID Card Fee pays for each student’s photo ID card. These cards allow entry to certain buildings, as well as containing the BUSU U-Pass and PawPass technologies.

  4. Registration Fee - $17.70

    • A single yearly fee that replaced the previous system, which charged students each time they registered for a class.

BUSU Fees:

  1. BUSU Membership Fee - $109.20

    • “This is the core membership fee that funds BUSU’s operations and services. It goes toward things like student services (e.g., health and dental administration, events, clubs support, Bailey’s Café programming, PawPass, etc.), advocacy efforts, and the overall administration of the student union.”

  2. Building Fund - $105.63

    • “This fee supports the long-term upkeep, maintenance, and improvements of the Knowles Douglas Student Centre. It ensures that BUSU can maintain a safe, accessible, and functional space for students.”

  3. U-Pass - $50

    • The U-Pass fee provides all students with affordable access to the Brandon Transit bus system – all you have to do is tap your student ID on the bus console to ride. The U-Pass is an affordable way to ensure all students have reliable, eco-friendly transportation around Brandon.

  4. Canadian Federation of Students Fee - $18.76

    • “This fee covers BUSU’s membership with the Canadian Federation of Students, a national student advocacy organization. Membership provides students with access to advocacy campaigns, services, and collective bargaining power on a provincial and national level.”

  5. Quill Levy - $15.20

    • The Quill Levy funds The Quill, the second-oldest student newspaper in Western Canada (and the one you’re reading right now), allowing independent student journalism a secure place at Brandon University.

  6. World University Service of Canada (WUSC) Fee - $15

    • “This fee directly funds BUSU’s participation in the WUSC Student Refugee Program, which helps sponsor refugee students to attend Brandon University and continue their education here in Canada.”

  7. BUSU Health and Dental Plan - $350 (optional)

    • The only optional fee of this list, BUSU’s Health and Dental Plan provides insurance coverage for medical care, prescription drugs, vision care, dental care, and practitioner treatments at an affordable rate. The plan can also be upgraded to support families up to six.

HLC Fee:

  1. Student Fitness Fee - $95.80

    • The membership paid by the Student Fitness Fee gives students access to the following spaces for a significantly reduced price compared to what a community member would pay: Fitness Centre, Walking Track, Mezzanine workout space, open gymnasium time, Bobcat games, and fitness classes at a reduced or free cost.

Despite these explanations, I’m left with more questions than answers. For example, is the quality of the university’s tech – in my experience, professors are constantly fighting with computer and projection systems that refuse to work properly – really worth $22.65 per class, per student? Why are we paying so much for the upkeep of the Knowles-Douglas Centre, when everything above the ground floor seems to be utterly neglected? How does the university determine the costs of these fees, and could more of them be optional? And honestly, that the university continues to charge students the Renew BU fee after last year’s 6-million-dollar project failure is nothing more than astonishing. I sincerely hope that BUSU, as our Union, are in constant conversation with Administration & Finance, advocating for BU students and our wallets.

If you have any questions or concerns about student fees, or about anything else on campus, please get in touch. Anyone can submit a letter to the Quill’s editor at eic.thequill@gmail.com – your voice matters!

Netflix’s New Split-Release Model (IS IT REALLY NECESSARY?)

By Peter Odeyemi, Junior Reporter

Recently, we've seen a change in the release schedules of Netflix shows, with a split-season release pattern replacing all-at-once or weekly drops. This is not a new phenomenon, but the real question is, is this appealing to the viewers, and is it a good approach to boost viewership for these shows?

In the last couple of years, Netflix has leaned more into split-season releases with a season of, say, ten episodes split up into two volumes and released within a few months of each other. We’ve seen this with very popular and highly anticipated Netflix releases, like “Stranger Things” Season 4, “Bridgerton” Season 3, “Cobra Kai” Season 6, “Outer Banks” Season 4, “The Witcher” Season 3,“The Crown” Season 6, and “Emily in Paris” Season 4.

Breaking down seasons like this isn’t exactly fun for viewers, as they're forced to wait weeks, sometimes a month, between episodes, and forced to remember multiple different premiere dates. A perfect example is the highly anticipated Stranger Things Season 5, which is set to release in three parts, across three different weeks, for an eight episode season (November 26, December 25, and New Years). As a viewer myself, this was pretty displeasing, considering we waited three years for a release. WHY IS IT BEING SPLIT INTO THREE PARTS, AND IS IT REALLY NECESSARY???

Netflix’s Chief Content Officer, Bela Bajaria, in an interview with Deadline, said, “A lot of times it’s been creator-driven. Peter Morgan on ‘The Crown’, Shonda Rhimes on ‘Bridgerton’, there was a way that they wanted to structure or write it because they felt it was an actual, natural emotional break. So, there’s no set way; it depends on what’s best for the show.” She also explained that the split-season model was initially driven by pandemic- and strike-related production delays. It was, she said, a way to get new episodes to audiences faster rather than waiting for the entire season to be completed.  Kevin McEwan, a media director for Bonding Agency, told Cosmopolitan in 2024 that breaking seasons into separate parts is “a way to keep viewers’ attention on shows” for longer.

Still, not everyone believes that artistic intent is the primary motivator. As Forbes pointed out, Netflix now almost exclusively reserves split seasons for its most successful shows— ones that are most likely to keep fans subscribing month after month. I believe this approach to keeping viewership is just a cash grab. Releasing episodes a few weeks apart rather than all at once stretches a single show's cultural moment and, more importantly, its presence on a user’s billing cycle. Fans are still racing to get through episodes to avoid spoilers, and now they’re doing it twice, sometimes in less than a month. Going this route also elevates clunky, middle-of-the-season cliffhangers that only exist to keep people engaged until the second part drops at a later date. In my experience, this often has the opposite effect, and I find myself forgetting to watch the second instalment of shows because the time in between is inorganic.

There is no denying that the age of streaming television has fundamentally changed how audiences consume entertainment. While other streaming platforms such as Disney+, Prime Video, and Max are still noted for releasing their biggest shows as weekly episodes, many viewers find that the week-by-week release format is a dated strategy that owes its origins to broadcast television and an increasingly outdated 24-episode per season production model. The weekly episodic format is better for sustained subscription, but Netflix is built into the binge model, so they created this method of keeping their shows in the zeitgeist longer.

While adopting another multipart release strategy for “Stranger Things” Season 5 could conceivably allow audiences to begin watching the first few episodes earlier, Netflix’s other experiences have shown that such a move only works best when the season also provides a natural break in the storytelling. Whichever way the streamer decides to go, hopefully, the final decision will echo Bajaria’s words and ultimately do what’s best for the show, and keep the viewership & fanbase alive enough to be possibly renewed.

Unfortunately, there’s not much we can do as viewers. If we don’t watch these shows, they will be canceled, and no one wants that. I just hope Netflix realizes that they’re only hurting themselves and at least tries to release one of their major shows weekly. “Outer Banks” would have been the perfect series to test this out with, given its diehard fandom, but sadly, that didn’t happen. The strategy doesn’t seem to be going away soon, as Netflix still has major shows upcoming with the same two-part release pattern. What do YOU think about this approach?

POWER-UP OR UP THE POWER? By Scott Blyth of Sustainable Brandon

Recently, I was horrified to learn that the coal-burning electricity generating plant in Brandon was turned back on.

My horror increased when I learned that the coal plant had been converted to run on natural gas. As you may know, natural gas is 80% methane!

This was deemed necessary because we didn’t have enough electricity to meet our own demands. Now, think about that: Not enough electricity! How can that be? This is Manitoba, the province that prides itself with having an abundant, adequate, supply of green power in the form of hydro electricity. We have a number of hydro-electricity generating plants, most of which are in northern Manitoba. Hydro-electric power is generated as a result of the flow of water moving a turbine. That, we have been led to believe, would be providing more than enough electricity - in fact, there was enough to be able to sell our excess to the U.S.A. and neighbouring provinces!

What happened? The explanation provided is that due to drought conditions, the water level was lower, which led to a decrease in flow across those turbines, resulting in less electricity generated. Okay. So what’s the backup plan? Or, better still, why isn’t there an eco-friendly backup plan?

One of Manitoba’s claims to fame is that the vast majority of our electricity is from a ‘green’ source — hydro — and NOT from fossil fuels. It is really concerning then that we have needed to resort to using natural gas (again, 80% methane!) to “make up the difference”.

There are many other options that our province could invest in instead of natural gas. For example, what about nuclear power? A few facts for you: 30% of energy needs in the U.S. come from nuclear. Ontario has a large portion of its energy needs met by nuclear. There are 500 nuclear power plants worldwide. There have only ever been three major melt-downs. Recent advances have developed using small modular reactors (SMR); nuclear waste is a huge concern, but there is a ton of research going on to figure out how we can use the waste as a source of fuel — leaving very little waste overall.

For another example, the Manitoba government has released the Manitoba Affordable Energy Plan. Wab Kinew has spoken to this plan by indicating Manitoba supports providing monies to help develop renewable energy projects, especially in partnership with Indigenous groups. My idea: What about the slogan “Wind farms, every reserve should have one”? Why not create an Indigenous Energy Corporation as a branch of Manitoba Hydro?

And what about energy efficiency and building retro-fits? Manitoba has a crown corporation called Efficiency Manitoba. It currently offers 40 different programs to help fund energy efficiency related changes to your home, buildings and community structures. If anything, there should be consideration to expand these programs.

But instead of any of these, we have recently heard from Adrian Sala (the minister responsible for Manitoba Hydro) that there are plans to build two new energy-generating plants, that will — his words — “burn something to generate power.” When pushed, he said: “Most likely natural gas.”

It will take about 4-5 years to build these plants. The disappointing part is that there is no mention of any soon-to-be-started, real plans, for initiating renewable energy projects or alternate energy projects such as biofuel or nuclear. Natural gas is a fossil fuel, and it is the burning of fossil fuels that has led to the greenhouse gas increase that is THE cause of the climate change crisis we find ourselves in. Yes, it is a direct cause and effect! This move also goes against the Manitoba government’s goal of reaching net- zero emissions by 2035, and to not be using or increasing the use of fossil fuels.

Is it asking too much to have some way of predicting what our future energy supply needs could be? A recent editorial in the Brandon Sun (Feb.25/25) points out that when new industry wants to come to Manitoba, they will need a substantial, guaranteed supply of electricity. At this time, we have to say “Sorry, we barely have enough to meet our own needs!”

For context, you might be wondering what other provinces are doing. Would it surprise you to know that Alberta - yeah, the oil province - was, at one time, first in Canada in approving renewable energy projects? They have an abundant supply of wind and solar power. Ontario has 98 wind farms - Manitoba has two. In Texas - yeah, the oil state - they have a 15 sq. km. solar farm!

So… let’s power up our approach and responsibility in Manitoba to take action on climate change and divest ourselves of fossil fuels. The province should look to invest in wind, solar, small-scale hydro, geothermal, and alternate sources to meet the growing electricity demand. This change represents a huge opportunity to build home-grown green industries, create well-paying jobs, advance reconciliation, and build healthier homes, buildings, and communities! Planning a well thought out, planet-first energy policy NOW will ensure there is enough for not only us, but future generations as well!

Interview with Country Artist Jason Blaine By Daniel Buzhor, Junior Reporter

Country star Jason Blaine recently took the stage in Brandon, bringing his signature sound to The Great Canadian Road Trip 2.0 tour. A multiple CCMA, SOCAN, and CMAO award winner with over 20+ radio hits, six full length albums, over 25 million digital streams, Jason has built a strong presence in the country music scene.

Following his concert, I had the chance to chat with Jason about his journey in music, the future of his songwriting, and what’s next for him.

Q: You've been busy on your tour with The Great Canadian Road Trip 2.0. How's it been treating you?

It's been a great time. We've been having a blast going across Canada on The Great Canadian Road Trip 2.0 with Jason McCoy and Chad Brownlee.

Q: How was your concert in Brandon?

It was a great show—we had such a great time in Brandon. The fans were incredible, and we absolutely loved it.

Q: I’ve got a few questions lined up, but feel free to take the conversation wherever you'd like. To start, what are your plans for this year?

My plans for this year are to release a bunch of new music. I’ve got a new record that's essentially done. It’s really a follow-up to my single The Road That Raised You Up and Boy Mama. Those songs will be on the record, along with a bunch of new songs. I’m really excited to get that music out. We've got more shows lined up; we got this tour of course. I’ve got a big show on August 30 in Ontario called Sauble Beach Country Fest.

I also have my charity golf event happening in June, and I’m excited about that. 

Beyond that, I’d love to carve out some time to get back in the studio and work on more music in the vein of Diamonds in the Desert. That album leaned more into traditional roots, country, and blues, and it’s one of my favourite records I’ve done. I worked with my pal Jay Tooke on it, and I’d love to record more in that style—it’s not necessarily commercial country radio-type stuff, but more traditional roots, even Americana, blues. It’s shaping up to be a pretty cool year.

Q: How did your golf charity initiative come to life?

It started in 2013 when I began attending charity golf events, including one hosted by my friend Gord Bamford. It was a really cool event, with NHL players and country artists coming together for a great cause.

That experience got my wheels turning, and I thought, I’d love to do something like this in my hometown. So that same year, I launched my own event, with Gord as my first guest.

Now, a decade later, we’ve raised over a million dollars for local charities like the Boys and Girls Club, the local hospital, and the Robbie Dean Mental Health Crisis Center.

Q: Your music journey took off during your college years. Can you tell me more about how it started?

I grew up in Pembroke, Ontario, and had a band in college while attending Algonquin College in my hometown. My band included my dad on bass, my brother on drums, and two other local musicians. We played whenever we could—different local events—that’s how it all started.

My dad still plays. He turned 70 this year and is still part of a local band in Pembroke, and I jam with him whenever I get the chance.

Growing up, I watched my dad’s band perform, and he taught me how to play guitar. We still share a mutual love for The Eagles. He introduced me to them—they were his high school band, and when they reunited in 1994 with Hell Freezes Over, they became my high school band too.

There are so many similarities between The Eagles and modern country. They’re just the best. We used to jam to Take It Easy and Peaceful Easy Feeling around the campfire. I grew up camping a lot, and there would always be a group of guys around the fire with acoustic guitars and a six-pack of beer.

Q: You once mentioned that you used to write up to 200 songs a year, but only a few made it to release. Has your songwriting process changed over time?

Yes, I don’t write that much anymore, but at the time, I probably was writing five days a week, sometimes twice a day. So, yeah, I wrote a lot, but you could only release a few per year to radio or elsewhere. Now, I write less, but focus more on recording and releasing. A lot of it was the 10,000 hours rule—constant writing makes you better. Not that everything I write today is great, but it’s better.

Now, I just try to write with more intention and purpose. I save up ideas and write when I think they’re strong. I still collaborate with other artists when they reach out for projects, but in recent years, my focus has been on writing for my own career and releases.

Q: Would you say that's because you've gotten better at writing, or why has it changed?

Yes, I think so. You improve over time. And honestly, I’ve put out a lot of music already. I’ve covered a lot of ground thematically and subject-wise, so I don’t need as much new material. I already have a solid show with songs people know. Now, it’s about adding really strong songs rather than writing just to write.

Q: Yeah. When you write songs, what is the hardest part—the part that takes the most time and effort?

Songwriting is like solving a puzzle—you first need a great idea, then put all the pieces together to make sure you write it in the best possible way.

Then, there’s the recording process. You want to serve the song in the best way and really bring it to life. I enjoy it all. It’s really fun.

I call it the circle of the song. First, it starts with writing—bringing something brand new into the world from nothing, from a blank sheet of paper. That’s exciting. Then, in the studio, you bring it to life. It evolves beyond a rough demo and takes on a real character. And when it reaches fans—whether on Apple Music, Amazon, YouTube, or radio—they start to connect with it. And finally, the last and most important part: when you perform it live and hear fans singing along. Then the circle of the song is complete.

Q: Is there a song in your catalog that means something different to you now compared to when you first wrote it?

I’d say Dance With My Daughter. When I first wrote and released it, my little girl was nine or ten years old. Now, ten years later, she’s 18 and off to college. The lyrics definitely hit differently now.

As she moves on to college, and as my other daughter grows up too—it really resonates in a new way. She was just three or four when we did the music video.

And then, I think certainly They Don’t Make Them Like That Anymore. You know, at the time we shot that music video—that was way back in 2012. Since then, both my grandparents have passed away and gone to be with the Lord in heaven. So now, singing that song night after night hits a little different. But it’s still special. It’s still a treasured memory.

Q: If you could only listen to three albums for the rest of your life, which ones would you pick?

I would pick The Eagles’ Greatest HitsJohn Mayer’s Continuum, and George Strait’s Greatest Hits.

Q: You’ve worked with some really amazing artists. Is there someone you would love to collaborate with in the future?

I’ve been lucky to collaborate with one of my all-time heroes, Steve Wariner, and we’ve been talking about writing together again this year.

There are so many artists I’d love to work with. A dream collaboration for me would be Ryan Adams - I don’t think he’d ever do it, but he’s one of those guys who could come to Nashville and write with anyone. That would be incredible.

Another would be Vince Gill. I’d love to have him on a record, maybe playing guitar or even writing and picking some with me.

Q: What’s the best advice another artist has ever given you?

Oh, good question. Best advice another artist has given me…

Steve Wilkinson of The Wilkinsons told me years ago:

"Everything’s already been done. Every subject has been covered, every idea has been sung about. The only thing that matters is how you do it."

Just because someone wrote a hometown or breakup song doesn’t mean you can’t. It’s all been done—but not your way. That was his point.

Q: If you could give one piece of advice to your younger self, what would it be? Let’s say ten years ago.

I would have taken more time deciding what to release first.

Your first songs shape how the public sees you as an artist, so you have to be mindful of that. I had a few early hits that were fun and got me on the road, but they didn’t fully represent who I wanted to be. Luckily, my career lasted beyond those first songs. But if you’re a one-hit wonder, you better be sure it’s the right hit. I’m proud of all my music, but my advice to new artists would be: Your first releases define you, so choose wisely.

Building the Past: The J.R. Brodie Science Centre By Kaelyn Delaurier

he article series about the history of the buildings on our campus continues! For this article, I have stepped out of the chronological order and decided to focus on the J.R. Brodie Science Centre. As with the other articles, this article focuses on the history of the Brodie Building and the person it is named after. The aim of this series of articles is to help everyone understand how our campus has evolved over the years and to learn about the people – whether controversial or not – that made it happen.

After the completion of the A.E. McKenzie Building and J.R.C Evans Theatre in 1960, Brandon University continued their construction boom with a steam plant, dining hall, two residences, a music building, a gymnasium, and the Education Building. The Centennial Auditorium was also built not long after in 1969. In the 1970s, though, Brandon University added two massive buildings to campus, the J.R. Brodie Science Centre and McMaster Hall. Supposedly, more was spent on construction in Brandon in 1971 than in all of Saskatchewan, mostly due to Brandon University’s new buildings.

The J.R. Brodie Science Centre’s construction began with a sod-turning ceremony on May 26, 1970. Queen Elizabeth II visited the construction site on July 12, 1970, and a stone was placed to celebrate her visit. The building officially opened to students and staff on May 8, 1972.

John Robert Brodie – who the Brodie Building was named after – was born in Quebec on July 3, 1879. He was an avid hockey player and supposedly was a member of the Montreal Stanley Cup and World Championship winning teams of 1901-1902 alongside Lester Patrick. In 1902, Brodie moved to Brandon and owned a grain brokerage business in the city in the early 1900s. He also bought a silver mine in Cobalt, Ontario in 1903 and founded The Great West Coal Company in 1912 in Winnipeg. With this company, Brodie owned many of the mines in Saskatchewan and some in other provinces. He would charge 8% commission to sell coal, which essentially meant he was charging his own company to sell their own coal. He also attempted to control the market by selling coal to his competitors.

One mine in particular that Brodie’s company might have owned has recently caused some issues. The Black Diamond coal mine near Edmonton was converted into a park. In 2023, a black tar-like substance was reportedly oozing out of the ground near the park, which posed a health risk to people. There were many mines in the area, and the city even used the site as a landfill at one point, so the toxic substance was not necessarily from the coal mine. Furthermore, there is a possibility that another Great West Coal Company existed and owned the Black Diamond mine. However, if Brodie’s company was the one that owned the mine, the topic of climate change was not as prevalent as it is today when the mine was in operation. While deemed irresponsible by today’s standards, the lack of care for the environment was not condemning, or even unusual, back in Brodie’s time. I am not saying that destroying the environment was good at any point in history, but it was not always viewed so negatively by society.

While living in Brandon, Brodie married Mabelle (Mabel) Agnes Gillespie on June 12, 1907. He also had another wife, Edna, that he married closer to the end of his life, although I could not find any records of her maiden name. With Mabelle he had a son named John Malcolm Brodie who was born in Brandon in 1920 and went on to manage The Great West Coal Company. Throughout his life, John R. Brodie enjoyed hunting, fishing, forestry, and geology, as well as hockey. He left Brandon in 1920 and died in Pheonix, Arizona in 1962. He gave Brandon University $250,000 to build the science centre we know today as the J.R. Brodie Science Centre, or Brodie Building.

Now, as the science centre was completed over half a century ago, Brandon University has recently recognized the dated technology and setup of the building. In 2015, Professor Bernadette Ardelli brought up the issue of the need for renovations on the building, and in 2018 an assessment was conducted and supposedly brought forth to the BU Board of Governors in March 2019. However, it wasn’t until March of last year, 2024, that any further news of the building’s renovation was revealed. There is now a plan to renovate the Brodie Building and add a six-storey research annex building at an estimated cost of 55 to 77 million dollars, although there has been no additional information on this plan, nor has a timeline been released yet.

With the possibilities of the science centre’s renovations, the question of whether to keep Brodie’s name for the building is important. Changing the building gives us an opportunity to change its name. While Brodie was not an outright controversial figure, and his generous donation was the reason for the science centre’s creation in the first place, his business schemes were not always good. Furthermore, the lack of care for how his company left mine sites, although not unusual at the time, is certainly criticized today. In fact, some people in Saskatchewan consider him a “shadowy figure,” especially since so little is known about him for all his successes. I will leave it up to you all. Should we continue to honour Brodie and keep his name on the science centre building after the possible renovations? Or is it time for a fresh start?

Sources: Manitoba Historical Society, The Brandon Sun, Brandon University, Public History on the Prairies, S.J. McKee Archives, Doug Gent’s History Pages, CBC News.

The Best Classes to Fulfil Your Liberal Education Requirement By Lily Hodgson, Editor-in-Chief

First of all, what is the Liberal Education Requirement? At BU, this requirement means that anyone taking their Bachelor’s of Science or Arts must take six credit hours in each of three categories: the Humanities, Natural Sciences, and Social Sciences. These credit hours may also apply to your major or minor, meaning you shouldn’t have to worry about at least one of these three categories. For example, I am an English major and a Psychology minor –  My English courses fulfil the Humanities requirement, and my Psych classes fulfil the Social Science requirement, meaning I only had to actively pursue the six credit hours of Natural Science. If you have any more questions about the Liberal Ed Requirement, check out pages 40-41 of the Course Calendar or get in touch with one of the university’s Academic Advisors!

For many university students, venturing outside our comfort zone of familiar, preferred subjects can be uncomfortable. The Liberal Ed Requirement can be a great opportunity to study those subjects that appeal to you, but that may not fit in to your regular degree requirements. So, take the following suggestions with a grain of salt: the most important thing is that the courses appeal to your interests! That being said, I’ve gathered recommendations from several later-year Brandon University students to suggest the least intimidating courses in each category. If you have any suggestions that didn’t make the list, be sure to email eic.thequill@gmail.com to have your course recommendations featured in a future issue!

Humanities

30:145 Contemporary Literature – Maybe I’m biased, but the English department is really amazing. If you like to read, I think you should absolutely take a literature course, even if it’s just for fun! Contemporary Literature is a great introduction to this field of study, because the material is fairly modern and easy to grasp. You can’t go wrong with any professor, but Dr. Rose is my personal suggestion. (30:147 Literary Traditions is also a fantastic course, especially with Dr. Robson, but it might be a little more difficult due to the older texts!)

67:130 Music History Survey 1 – This course provides a brief overview of multiple eras of music, starting around the Baroque Period. According to our AEIC May, it’s a good course if you want to build your musical ear and be introduced to a wide variety of instrumental works, especially by canon composers like Haydn and Mozart.

36:162 Making Sense of Gender – Making Sense of Gender is a really interesting course that challenges students to think in new ways. No matter what your current perspective is on topics like gender roles and gender diversity, you will come out of this course with a new, deeper understanding. In addition, this course usually has a relatively light workload, making it easy to balance with your other courses.

86:158 World Mythology – Religion is a really neat department that is often overlooked. This course, which is usually offered over the summer, covers the myths and folklore of peoples ranging from Ancient Egyptians to the Indigenous peoples of Turtle Island. Dr. Medd is a great professor, and any of her online asynchronous summer courses are a great way to lighten your fall/winter courseload.

Social Sciences

38:192 Environment and Society – This is another course that will seriously change the way you think about the world. The usual professor, Dr. Malcolm, is a really great teacher, and his classes are always super interesting. He always ties in current and local environmental concerns, encouraging students to think critically about our impact on the world around us.

90:154 Introduction to Sociology – Sociology, the study of human behaviour and institutions, is a wide-ranging field covering many interesting topics and ideas. Dr. Schneider is one of the highest-recommended professors at BU – the students I spoke to described him as incredibly passionate, knowledgeable, and caring, and his classes as uniquely engaging and fun.

68:151 Introduction to Native Studies 1 – Most students would recommend taking at least one course in the Faculty of Native Studies. Not only will it fulfil both the Liberal Ed Requirements and the newly-instated Indigenous Content Course Requirement, it will also serve to change your perspectives. The diverse richness of Indigenous culture is really beautiful, and spending a semester learning about the history of Indigenous peoples in Canada will open your eyes and change the way you think about the country in which we live.

82:160 Introduction to Psychology – Psychology is a huge field of study, with topics ranging from neuroscience to counselling approaches to cognitive processes like memory and perception. Intro Psych touches on each of these subjects, providing an overview of all the many possibilities within the field. Dr. Gadbois is the most-recommended professor for this course from the students I spoke to.

Natural Sciences

74:184 Solar System Astrology – This course is many people’s go-to Natural Science recommendation, for good reason! It is a super interesting course, and Dr. Foster is a phenomenal professor. The course is structured planet by planet, so by the end of the semester you’ll know a lot of random fun facts about everything orbiting our sun. Be warned that there is a little bit of math involved, but all in all, it is pretty manageable. (The sister course, 74:185 The Galaxy and the Universe, is also an amazing course, but Dr. Foster’s engaging style of teaching really makes Solar Systems legendary.)

15/42:180 The World of Dinosaurs – The World of Dinosaurs is definitely a bit of a niche subject, but students assured me that it is a really interesting course! The course considers topics like anatomy, diversity, and fossil geology, all in a 66-million-years-ago Mesozoic setting.

15:162 Cells, Genetics, and Evolution – This may be a controversial choice, because this course isn’t exactly known for being easy, but one student that I spoke to seriously enjoyed it. They said that the three professors knew how to make the course really engaging, and that the labs in particular were super interesting.